Public Shared Function ldexp(ByVal x As Double, ByVal exp As Integer) As Double
    Return x * 2 ^ exp
End Function
 
Private Function frexp(ByVal x As Double, ByRef exp As Integer) As Double
    If x = 0 Then
        exp = 0
        Return 0
    Else
        Dim tmpExp As Integer = Math.Round(Math.Log(x, 2), 0, _
          MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)
        Dim mantissa As Double = x / (2 ^ tmpExp)
        If mantissa = 1 Then
            exp = tmpExp + 1
            Return 0.5
        Else
            exp = tmpExp
            Return mantissa
        End If
    End If
End Function